Before I took up Law, I was a voracious reader of fiction books. Whether it was of classical stories written by great authors like Ernest Hemingway or Gabriel Garcia Marquez, or pop novels written by best-selling writers such as Stephen King or Robert Ludlum, I devoured them all like an addiction. While my reading palate was diverse, I had a special appetite, however, for books written in the science fiction and fantasy genres.
I admit that it takes a certain kind of geekness to appreciate science fiction and fantasy, and of this geekness, I have in spades. Nevertheless, it would be good if more people learned to appreciate these genres and the stories that they have to offer, because some of the best writing I’ve ever encountered has been made by science fiction and fantasy writers. From the in-depth analysis of Isaac Asimov, to the lyrical prose of J.R.R. Tolkien, to the beautiful cadence and pacing of Neil Gaiman, there are works of literary art that is appreciable in these genres, which I would consider at par with Ernest Hemingway, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, F. Scott Fitzgerald and the other literary giants.
But I guess it’s because of the “geekness” attached to science fiction and fantasy that most people don’t consider these genres as mature literary art forms written by top-caliber writers. And then there is also the case of the numerous mediocre sci-fi and fantasy novels filling up the shelves and giving the genre a bad name. But then again, what genre is spared of its sub-par counterparts? (I would cite popular examples but for fear of being trolled by these books’ legion of rabid fans, I deem it more prudent to just keep quiet.)
I suppose that the lack of appreciation from the “mature” literary world has been due to the lack of understanding of what makes a truly good science fiction or fantasy novel, and perhaps due to the misconception that science fiction and fantasy is best read by geeks.
Let’s categorize the two in their proper perspectives. By my understanding, the bookstore classification for science fiction and fantasy seems to be that if it has spaceships, robots and laser pistols, then the story is science fiction. However, if the story has elves, magic, swords and sorcery, or imaginary creatures, then the same would be fantasy. It’s a very simplistic arrangement and it works on a commercial level in the sense that it helps customers easily locate and identify the particular books that they want to purchase from off the bookshelves.
As a writer, I offer my humble two cents perspective for differentiating whether or not a work is science fiction or fantasy. By this token, I also want to point out that when I say science fiction or fantasy, I refer to ALL written media of the same, regardless of whether or not it is a book or a graphic novel/comic. I guess my categorization could also apply to movies of the same genres, since the principles are applicable to any story.
Of the two, fantasy is the easiest to comprehend. By popular understanding, fantasy refers to books involving dwarves, elves, faeries and knights in shining armor. Its famous authors include J.R.R. Tolkien of the Lord of the Rings Trilogy, C.S. Lewis of the Chronicles of Narnia, and J.K. Rawlings of the Harry Potter series. (Ever notice that the famous fantasy authors tend to abbreviate their names a lot?) The timeline is usually set in the Dark Ages, but it sometimes may deal with the present, such as Harry Potter. However, people would be surprised if I consider books such as Dune, Star Wars, Battlestar Galactica, and Star Trek novels as fantasy, more than science fiction. “But Jan, those books have spaceships, robots and aliens. Don’t they count as science fiction?”
No, I consider them as fantasy. From a writer’s perspective, a fantasy story is one where ESCAPISM is the primary objective of the author, or in other words, it offers an escape from the mundane real world into a world of astounding wonders… where a spell can transform a man into a bird, or a boy can pick up a lightsaber and play Jedi mind tricks with the Force. A good fantasy book plays on your sense of whim and wonder, and thus tends to be written as grand epics, such as the battle between good and evil in the Lord of the Rings Trilogy or the Chronicles of Narnia. It makes heroes out of mere men, and makes possible for beautiful elven princesses to fall in love with grungy unbathed rangers. After reading fantasy, you feel like you’ve taken a mental vacation into a land far far away where anything is possible.
Of the people who’ve written for this genre, special mention should be given to J.R.R. Tolkien, not only for being the first fantasy writer but also for the level of dedication and thought he put into his work. What’s amazing about Tolkien is that he not only mapped and fleshed out a totally well-conceptualized universe with a treatise and explanation of each and every race and its culture, he even took time to create a language (Elvish) with its own syntax, grammar AND writing, called Tengwar. This is escapism in its finest form, the kind that has created an actual college course that studies the language created by Tolkien.
Another author that deserves special mention is Tolkien’s contemporary, C.S. Lewis. What most people don’t know is that Lewis is not only a fantasy writer, but he is also an accomplished philosopher of Christian works. A closer reading of the very simplistic Chronicles of Narnia would reveal parallels between the life and death of Aslan the lion, with that of the passion of Jesus Christ, and the armed conflict between the Narnians and the Calormen is an allusion to the Holy War between the Crusaders and the Moslems. Finally, the scenes of the book “The Last Battle” mirrors that of events told in the Book of Revelation. Thus, in its simple and easy to comprehend stories about talking animals and magical portals, the Chronicles of Narnia teaches children of the basic tenets of their faith.
While fantasy and science fiction hold many similar elements, science fiction is an altogether different animal, and I daresay it is much harder to write than pure fantasy. For me, science fiction refers to stories which make you question the way you look and define things. While fantasy takes you away to a fictional world where everything is bizarre and different, science fiction however creates a fiction that re-imagines the world, but in a way that helps us to question reality as we see it.
One particularly good author of this genre is the great Isaac Asimov, whose works you’ve seen in movies such as “Bicentennial Man”, and “I, Robot”. I am particularly in awe of the way Asimov wrote Bicentennial Man, which is a story of how one robot fought for the right to be legally recognized as a man. By taking a disparate concept like robotics, Asimov in effect explained to us what it is that defines our humanity.
Again, I must reiterate that a story does not have to be set in the future to be considered as science fiction. Way before the movie “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button” was ever shown, the author T.N. White had already written “The Once and Future King” an Arthurian novel where the wizard Merlin was born backwards. That means he was born a baby in the future and that he lived his life from the future to the past. That’s why people are amazed when Merlin can foretell the future and yet not know what he had yesterday for breakfast. Our tomorrow is his yesterday and our yesterday is his tomorrow. It would also explain why Merlin seemed to be getting younger and younger as you get older and older.
Science fiction can even be set in the modern day. For example, the graphic novel “Y: The Last Man” explores a modern world where all males of every species has died out except for one man and his monkey. A curious but very conceivable consequence of this was that since every man from the President of the United States, all the Supreme Court Justices and majority of the people in Congress has died, thus by effect of legal succession, the next person to become President is the Secretary of Agriculture, who was a woman. Also, every military force of the world has collapsed, except for one: the Israeli Armed Forces, which trains both men and women for armed combat.
So as you can see, science fiction and fantasies are not just for children or high school boys with no love lives. These two are very mature literary art forms worthy of serious critique and appreciation. I hope to live to see the day when the likes of Tolkien or Asimov are granted prestigious awards like the Pulitzer or the Nobel, in recognition of their work done.